元江县桔小实蝇为害特点及防治试验

桔小实蝇在云南省元江县一年发生6代。每年有两个发生高峰期；4月下旬和7月初至8月初。该虫主要以幼虫取食芒果果实危害。采用果实套袋和甲基丁香酚诱杀雄虫可保护果实，降低桔小实蝇种群数量。     

油茶织蛾生物学特性研究

Casmara patrona is one of the main borer pests damaging Camellia oleifera in China. Few reports about this insect were published. The life history, biological characteristics and natural enemies of C. patrona were investigated through field survey and laboratory observation in this study. The results showed that C. patrona had one generation in one year or two years, and overwintered as 3rd-5th instar larva in Zhejiang Province. About 88 percent of larvae began to pupate in early May, and the rest kept feeding till the next year. The adults could be observed from early June to early July, and the peak of emergence occurred in late June. The adults began to oviposit in late June and terminated in early July. The eggs started hatching in early July, and then the larvae bored into the branch to feed. The entrance holes of the larvae distributed predominately in the middle of the eastern and southern part of C. oleifera tree. The larva had five instars, and there were 10-50 days when the larva did not feed between consecutive instars.     

先张法预应力空心板纵向开裂的防治

多年来先张法预应力空心板在中、小桥结构物中一直被广泛应用.但在设计回访中发现,部分空心板板底多存在有纵向裂缝的问题,为有效杜绝此弊病的发生,本文对其产生的原因进行了分析并提出了预防措施.     

肉牛场生命周期估计及环境影响评价

试验采用生命周期估计(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法对江西高安某存栏1 800头的肉牛育肥场在整个育肥期间(7个月)的污染物排放量,以及污染物在全球变暖、环境酸化、富营养化、光化学臭氧合成方面对环境的影响进行了评估。系统边界包括化肥生产、农作物种植、饲料运输、肉牛生产和粪便处理。结果表明:温室气体排放量为(以CO2当量计)为11 908t,环境酸化气体排放量(以SO2当量计)为84.6t,富营养化气体排放量为(以PO43-当量计)为14.4t,光化学臭氧合成问题气体排放量为(以C2H4当量计)为1.68t。其中饲料运输主要影响全球变暖(占总排放量的49.8%)和光化学臭氧合成问题(占总排放量的54.1%),而粪便处理主要影响环境酸化(占总排放量的70.1%)和富营养化(占总排放量的76.4%),肉牛生产对环境的影响主要是全球变暖(占总排放量的18.1%)和光化学臭氧合成问题(占总排放量的30.9%)。因此,可考虑通过降低运输距离,改善饲料配方、粪便处理方式等降低污染物排放量。     

蓝果树种群径级结构与生命表分析

蓝果树是重要的乡土彩叶树种之一。为全面了解其种群数量时空动态变化规律,采用空间代时间法和匀滑技术编制种群静态生命表。结果表明:蓝果树种群径级结构处于稳定状态。死亡率和损失率2个死亡高峰分别出现在第3,4和8龄级,存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅱ型。生存分析4个函数曲线表明,蓝果树种群具有前期衰退,中后期稳定的特点。该研究可为蓝果树的经营管理和种群未来动态预测提供参考。     

探析黄桃栽培技术及储存方法

黄桃富含丰富的维生素C以及人体所需的纤维素等多种微量元素,能够补充人体机能,而且黄桃还具有润肠通便、美容养颜、保护视力等功效,对人体健康也有好处.目前,国内果蔬市场上对黄桃的需求不断增加,为免出现供不应求的现象,必须加快黄桃优质高产栽培技术的推广与应用,基于此,该文结合黄桃栽培技术及储存方法进行深入探究,从科学选址、优...     

Toxicity of azinphos-methyl to various development stages of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The response to azinphos-methyl of different life-stages of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) was studied. A similarity in response to azinphos-methyl (LC(50), LC(90)) was observed in neonate larvae obtained from the first and second generations of field populations. Mortality rates for neonate larvae of a field population cross-bred with a laboratory colony were lower (by a factor of 1.2-2.2) in comparison with field neonate larvae. The mortality rate of larvae from a laboratory colony exposed to artificial diet containing azinphos-methyl gradually decreased at older instars. The mortality rates of fifth-instar larvae were remarkably low when exposed to artificial diet mixed with azinphos-methyl or when topically treated with the insecticide. One- to three-day-old females were more sensitive than males of the same age, whereas the opposite was observed in 14-to 17-day-old adults. Mortality rates of 14- to 17-day-old adults were higher than those under 10 days old. No significant difference in sensitivity to the organophosphorus compound was noticed between the sexes of 7- to 10-day-old adults. Neonate larvae of the codling moth can serve as a target life-stage for various groups of pesticides, and the importance of using such a stage as a standardized methodology for monitoring resistance in the codling moth is discussed.     

氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟个体发育及种群增殖的影响

【目的】 研究不同氮素含量人工饲料对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)生长发育和繁殖的影响,分析玉米螟种群激增的内在N素营养驱动。【方法】 测定5个氮素含量水平(3.94%、7.33%、10.69%、18.84%、30.31%)人工饲料对亚洲玉米螟个体生长发育及种群增殖的影响,构建实验种群生命表。【结果】 25℃,低氮水平N₁(氮素含量3.94%)幼虫发育缓慢且未能正常羽化,当氮素含量增加到18.84%(N₄)时,幼虫历期明显缩短,内禀增长率(0.13)、净增殖率(66.14)、周限增长率(1.14)、孵化率(90.06%)最高,平均世代历期(30.79)、种群加倍时间(5.17)最短,并与其他4个氮素水平有显著差异(P<0.05),且其化蛹率(98.66%)、羽化率(95.45%)、存活率(91.33%)、平均单雌产卵量(120.12±9.73)最高;但当氮素含量提高到30.31%后,内禀增长率(0.04)、净增殖率(44.71)、周限增长率(1.04)最低,平均世代历期(92.36)、种群加倍时间(16.85)最长,25和30℃结果与20℃接近。3个温度各处理蛹期、成蛾寿命、雌虫生殖力无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】 氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟个体发育与种群增殖关系密切,在一定区间内随氮含量增加生长加快,种群增殖能力增强,且高氮30.31%和低氮3.94%均对玉米螟生长有明显抑制作用。     

九种野菜在不同贮藏环境中维生素C含量的变化

采用冷藏、抽真空冷藏和漂洗冷冻三种贮藏环境下研究九种野菜维生素C含量变化表明：三种贮藏环境条件下九种野菜的维生素C损失率均随着贮藏时间的增加而增加,漂洗后冷冻处理可使野菜能保存较长时间,同一种野菜不同贮藏环境下维生素损失率的影响显著性也不同。